Galangal (Alpinia galanga)

Description

Galangal (Alpinia galanga), sometimes referred to as Thai ginger, is a tropical, clumping perennial herb prized for its aromatic rhizomes, which are widely used in Asian cooking and traditional medicine. Native to Southeast Asia, galangal thrives in warm, humid conditions, preferring part shade to full sun and rich, well-drained soils. In Australian gardens, it is a reliable, low-maintenance plant for tropical and subtropical zones, or a container-grown option in cooler regions.

The plant produces tall, upright stems with broad, lance-shaped leaves and striking white flowers with pink or red markings. Underground, galangal forms thick, knobbly rhizomes with a distinctive spicy, citrusy fragrance and flavour — sharper and more peppery than common ginger. The rhizomes are typically used fresh or dried in curries, soups, stir-fries, and herbal teas.

Traditionally, galangal has been used medicinally to support digestion, reduce inflammation, and stimulate circulation. Anecdotal evidence and some scientific studies suggest antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, although more research is needed to fully confirm its clinical benefits.

In permaculture gardens, galangal can serve multiple functions: as a food source, a dynamic accumulator improving soil health, and a biodiversity booster by attracting pollinators when in flower. Its tall form also helps create layered planting structures and can provide light shading for smaller, more delicate plants.