Mother-in-Law’s Tongue (Sansevieria / Dracaena spp.)

Description

Mother-in-Law’s Tongue (Dracaena trifasciata, formerly Sansevieria trifasciata) is a hardy, upright, evergreen succulent known for its architectural form, air-purifying qualities, and near-indestructible nature. Native to West Africa, it thrives in a wide range of conditions, from full sun to deep shade, and is highly drought-tolerant once established — making it one of the most low-maintenance plants available for indoor or outdoor use in Australia.

The plant forms stiff, sword-shaped leaves with distinctive green banding, often edged in yellow or silver depending on the cultivar. It grows in a rosette pattern and slowly spreads via underground rhizomes, making it useful as a living border or groundcover in dry, shaded areas where few other plants will grow. Its strong root system also makes it helpful for preventing soil erosion on sloped or exposed sites.

While not traditionally considered edible or medicinal in a culinary sense, Mother-in-Law’s Tongue has been noted for its ability to filter toxins such as formaldehyde and benzene from indoor air. It is considered mildly toxic to pets and humans if ingested, so care should be taken in households with young children or animals.

In permaculture design, it can be used ornamentally in dry shade zones, as a living barrier or visual structure, and in pots or containers to green up difficult microclimates. Its resilience, sculptural beauty, and minimal water needs make it a favourite for both indoor and water-wise outdoor gardens.